Equity Analyst Project – Individual

Equity Analyst Project – Individual Scott Hatten MBA 737-F1WW (W13) Professor Lauren Thomas March 2, 2013 This paper will assess my ability to maximize my personal return on investment with an allocation of $1,000,000. The overall goal of this exercise is to obtain the highest return possible within the next 12 months. I am limited to the following asset classes for allocation of all investments: * U. S. Equities * U. S. Treasury Bonds * Cash This paper will be my prospectus on the justification of the allocation and potential earnings in each class. U. S. Equities| U. S. 30-Year Treasury Bonds| Cash| Proposed Allocation| 70%| 25%| 5%| $ Amount| $700,000| $250,000| $50,000| Forecast +/- (12 Months)| 13%| 3. 0%| 0%| ROI| $791,000| $257,500| $50,000| Estimated (ROI) for $1,000,000 as of December 31, 2013 = $1,098,500. 00 U. S. Equities As the United States economy continues to grow in areas but struggle in others, the decision to place the largest allocation of funds into this c ategory is made without hesitation. 013 is the 1st year after a presidential election and the second term for our current president. Typically in situations like this there is less hype about a new leader in office and more emphasize placed on making strategic decisions and outcomes. Even though were are currently looking at the possibility of thousands of government based worked to be subjected to mandatory pay reductions through a sequester plan, the United States business machines is moving at a strong pace.Since 2008 business and industry leaders have worked to understand the changing dynamics of both the US and International economic challenges and have positioned their organizations to adapt more quickly to those conditions (Investors, 2013). As consumer spending and consumer confidence continue to increase, U. S. Equities should continue on steady growth plan which is indicated in the strong S&P Indices (currently at 1518. 20), NASDAQ (currently at 3169. 74), and the DOW (cur rently at 14089. 66).These indicators provide direct indication that investor and business confidence levels are extremely high and favorable for positive returns. U. S. 30 Year Treasury Bonds Although this investment class can be considered the most conservative of the three, the low yield of government bonds in the past 10 years does not lend a comparative metric against many other investment opportunities (Jacobs, 2012). The fixed rate of these instruments allows for a guaranteed return, but should only be utilized at a point in an investing cycle when risk is higher than potential income growth.The 25% allocation that is invested in this class is positioned to provide a long term guaranteed investment, with the possible that these lower rates will not rise significantly in the next few years. Cash The lowest of investment allocation classes is cash. The cost to leave any instrument in this category is expensive and provides very little ROI. The funds kept in this allocation are specific for future investment opportunities where transition of funds from other classes could have a significant impact or cost to the overall 12 month plan (Mangla, 2012).Summary Looking back over the past ten years and most especially the past three years for investment returns and economic possibilities, there seems to be more growth in the past 24 months than what we have seen in over a decade. The rapidly changing international economic climate and the current government struggles with tax based polices and the continued climbing US deficit will make 2103 a year where investors must maintain a long term focus while being selective in short term growth opportunities.References Jacobs, D. L. (2012). Are Bonds The Next Facebook–Negatively Speaking?. Forbes. Com, 6. Investor's Business, D. (2013, February 19). U. S. asset demand picks up. Investor’s Business Daily. p. A02. Mangla, I. (2012). Yes, You Can Dump Your Bank. Money, 27-28. Ross, S. , Westerfield, R. , Jaf fe, J. , and Jordan, B. (2011-). Corporate finance: Core principles ; applications. (3rd ed. ).

Leading marines

Identify the author's mission (task and purpose) in writing this book. The author's purpose in writing this book was to explain the role of the ‘leader' in the Marine Corps. To accomplish this the author used examples of corps values, ethos, individual courage and unit spirit. 2. What part of the book was the most effective in accomplishing the author's mission? What part of the book was the least effective? The part of the book that I think is most effective at accomplishing the author's mission is chapter three: Challenges. Friction dominates war, it makes simple tasks hard'. The author touches on how friction affects us anywhere from the marine-air- ground task force down to the most forward fghting positions and how getting over the brick wall that is adversity is key to being able to lead marines. 3. What does the author assume to be true in order to accomplish his mission? Does the author validate these assumptions in the book? The author really shows the importance of th e lessons we learned in boot camp and OCS as the basis of what is needed to accomplish any mission.The author validates these assumptions as he goes back to what we learned in training as xamples of how we should carry ourselves as leaders and Marines. 4. The part of the book that is most relevant to what I / we do is: The part of the book that is most relevant to what â€Å"we do is chapter three. The author talks about Friction and overcoming challenges in everyday life such as physical challenge and the importance of being combat effective. This is relevant to me because I think physical fitness is key to anyone in the Marine Corps who wants to be a leader. . Identify the author's specific and implied conclusions. What I took as an implied conclusion was that there's a bigger purpose for veryone and you won't know what that purpose is unless you take risks to find that purpose. What part ot the book was the most ettective in accomplishing the author's The part of the book that i s most relevant to what l/we do is chapter three. The ground task torce down to the most torward tgnting positions and now getting over purpose. 1.Identify the author's mission (task and purpose) in writing this book. ground task force down to the most forward fighting positions and how getting over The part ot the book that is most relevant to what I / we do is: 6a. With respect to the author's conclusions (either specified or implied), I / we ccept or agree with the following: I agree with the implied conclusion that the fundamentals of leading marines is engraved in each of us as marines in boot camp or OCS and that those fundamentals are the basis of being a leader and a Marine. b. With respect to the author's conclusions (either specified or implied), I / we reject or do not agree with the following: There was nothing that I did not agree with. 7a. This book made a favorable impression on me and it will change the way I approach: This book will definitely make me think back to the basics when I am approached with adversity.

Final Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Final Summary - Essay Example That is why Organizational psychologists are trained in using statistics and empirical data instead taking and judgmental decisions. Organizational psychologists do not design any therapy for workers as done by clinical psychologists. In stricter sense, they are not counselors as some psychologists help organization and its employees in the matter of drug or alcohol abuse. They are differentiated from other branches of psychology by virtue of their reliance on scientist-practitioner model. Organizational psychologists work as scientist-practitioners by applying their research findings so as to enhance the organizational effectiveness working directly on people. Organizational psychology is constantly gaining popularity because they are found to exert a positive impact on the lives of people. The reason being people spend one-third of their time in their job every day. Happiness on the job is of paramount importance to the people as it will have a residual effect on other aspects including family and leisure life (Aamodt, 2012). Effective Organizational Performance is a key to success and extremely important in this highly competitive arena. Right Management (2010) suggests several measures to achieve organizational effectiveness. They are described as strategy, leadership, people systems and processes, culture and values, structure and capability, employee engagement and customer experience. Strategy summarizes the work of the organization in terms of the role, purpose and strategic direction. Leadership is important because effective leadership has capacity to convert any business into success. Proper systems and processes create consistency and trust by making well-informed decisions across all the section of business. Cultures and values align all the employees of the organization to a common business strategy making the work process smooth and devoid of any conflict. Right structure and the work assigned as per

Grants Narrative Statement of Need - Fleishhacker Foundation Education Assignment

Grants Narrative Statement of Need - Fleishhacker Foundation Education Program - Assignment Example This essay declares that Boys and Girls Club believe that all children in San Francisco deserve high quality education, which will enable them became responsible citizens of San Francisco in particular, and the Unites States of America in general, in future. Boys and Girls Club prides itself in striving to provide safe environment which is necessary for academic excellence of students; with a special focus on children from low income households in San Francisco. Ensuring that all children from low income households; graduate from high schools and join university and colleges is one of our main desires. This paper makes a conclusion that improving education infrastructure in public schools will enable children from low income households complete education processes successfully. San Francisco Unified School District is one of the largest school districts found in California. The average graduation rate is 66%. An ethnic breakdown of this data reveals a worrying trend in the education sector; African Americans graduation rate is 49%, Latino 48%, Asian 76%, and white 64%. Less than 50% of African and Latino Americans graduated from the high schools in San Francisco. Majority of African Americans and Latino Americans come from low income households; and this explains the high rates of high school drop outs. Low income children cannot afford to study in schools which have all the required academic infrastructures; due to the high fees charged. This calls for a project like ours that will make good education infrastructure accessible to many children as possible.

Sex, Drugs, and the Fear of Secular Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sex, Drugs, and the Fear of Secular Music - Essay Example The Christian issue of secular music cycles through society’s collective imagination with a precision worthy of the passing of the seasons. Each new generation brings with it a musical style that invokes fear and disgust among the existing Christian traditionalists. Vulgar lyrics and obscene choreography invites the question of whether Christians should be listening to secular music. Yet, no one can adequately define â€Å"secular† in reference to music, and the Bible offers little, if any guidance. There are Christian concerts with a floor show that makes â€Å"Black Sabbath† look like Sesame Street, while a Yo Yo Ma cello solo is labeled secular because it’s played at a Super Bowl half time show. It’s important to note that there can be a spiritual lesson in even the most crass music, just as lessons are learned from Christianity’s violent past. Even if it could be defined, there is no requirement for Christians to deny themselves all secul ar activities. Christians need to move beyond trying to label music, accept it that we learn about sin from the sinners, and in this world of diverse secular activities Christians should be listening to secular music.

Americas Next Top Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Americas Next Top Model - Essay Example Description actually evolves as new forms of reality shows emerged. The list could be endless as more and more "audition" types and freak-games sprout. Betts went as far as laying out the basic rules for reality programs as "either elimination of contestants in a high-handed or low-minded procedure, or revelation by a spontaneous uncovering of their flaws, conceits or pettiness," (Betts, 2004) with un underlying message that these kind of shows could be of little, or no relevance to people and persons involved except for some rewards for the winners. Starting out with a gem or a germ of an idea is the first crucial stage of every television or even movie and other performing arts production. How is this going to be done, who, when, how, why. The same thing can be said for "America's Next Top Model." First it was just a flash in the mind. Then, the idea jumped out to a drawing board, until it starts taking a skeleton of a shape, then, it has taken form and meat. Jumping off from the success of "American Idol", the fashion world takes a reality program for its own, run by its supposedly creator Tyra Banks", a supermodel herself. The next step after a germ culminated as an idea is to find out the costs in producing the show. Costing: There are two categories for production cost as the cyber college (2005) pointed out: above the line that pertains to performances and production elements like talent fee, script, music, office services, marketing and promotions. Below-the-line include the physical elements like stage, studio, sets, props, wardrobe, graphics, transportation, production equipment, studio facilities, editing, and the technical personnel that includes the stage manager, engineering personnel, video recording operators, audio operators, and general labor. The specifics now follow: 1. Pre-production costs that include putting up the idea into one solid material of project proposal that includes the script, technical descriptions and production abstract. The process of getting financers and technical backers. Estimate*: $ 800,000.00 2. Location scouting and related travel expenses refers to finding out the best possible area for main production site, in America's Next Top Model case, in a luxurious Los Angeles mansion where the young women contestants may have their own room and move freely, at the same time accommodating the technical staff or crew. Expenses for travel during the rounding off of places and spots are included in here until the final touches and detailing. Estimate*: $ 500,000.00 3. Studio rental includes the budget for venue for the professional appearances where catwalk performances as well as general modeling audition will take place. Estimate*: $ 50,000.00 4. Sets and set construction is the beautification concept where the production design will be applied. This includes the process of making the studio appear like a Victoria's Secret runway, the stage, the judges' table and a background that will evoke the ramp

KIPP National Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

KIPP National - Case Study Example The founders have the drive and passion to give children of lower income families the skills to make it through college. This passion and skill has shown success. From the very beginning the founders worked for months trying to establish the right to operate as a school. This took months of waiting from the district to approve the original proposal made by the founders. Once approval was accepted the founders were able to begin recruiting students and convincing parents that their new school would greatly help their child academically. Over the next months the founders were able to recruit enough students to get the KIPP School started. The founders had many promises to live up to and this helped guide the success as they did not want to let parents and their children down. Having enrollment grow each school year proved that what the founders created a school that was turning out to be successful. Students were excelling at a terrific rate and the option for expansion was taken witho ut hesitation. Scores were improving and the students showed the willingness to want to succeed. The growth to New York showed that KIPP Schools were not holding back and were focused on helping kids who otherwise would not have a chance in a normal school environment. There are many elements in the KIPP operational model that set KIPP apart from other schools. ... Structure and not allowing any slack in commitment makes for KIPP’s successful operational model and sets them apart from the rest. 2) Should the KIPP schools be replicated? Can they be? What are the major challenges KIPP will face as it expands? The KIPP schools are mainly successful because of the hard work and determination put forth by the two original founders. The two original founders make sure that teachers, parents and students are focusing and functioning how they originally promised. Replicating this type of structure and discipline would be hard to replicate. The schools would be hard to replicate because the two founders would need to make sure they have teachers that are willing to give their all like the founders have. Many examples throughout the case refer to why it was important for the founders to lead the schools in the direction they are going in. Expansion can be done but it is likely that expansion will take away from the success that the two original sc hools already have. Expanding is one thing and can be achieved by funding and hard work. Expanding and being successful is another issue. One can expand but what is the point if the expansion is not going to be successful. By reviewing the case it is obvious that success was determined on the founder’s hard work. Two people alone cannot be at several locations at once to make sure teachers are acting how they need to be and students are living up to their agreements. If the founders are out taking on several new ventures the two original schools will lose leadership by the founders and can slowly become unsuccessful unless proper leadership is put in place. It is obvious that

Feedback for solutions for brewing company problems Essay

Feedback for solutions for brewing company problems - Essay Example Molson Coors have therefore decided to pull its international businesses out Asian markets so that they can focus on the local markets. The importation of beer in China holds only 1% share of the market share compared to the domestic and Coors only ranks second despite the China’s low domestic prizes. It is therefore important when the company withdraws its operations from china because there are no chances of succeeding in that market. Coors should first alert their customers in china market and sell their stake to Sihai Beer Company because of the company’s inability to sustain its assets and the need to cover losses as much as possible. Coors should sell its beers at a lower price as a way of getting rid of its excess reserves (Russel Web). The Company should focus on improving its big Canada share and the US market shares in order to improve their sales. This is only possible when the UK and China markets are closed due to their low markets that in turn lead to a higher cost of operation in both UK and China. The partnering between Coors and the SABMiller will also increase the market share to almost 30% in local market. The issue of new marketing material has got a large impact on the success of the firm especially within the local market. The sales have slightly increased after almost a year due to the increased marketing. The small board that was created to facilitate aggressive marketing in North America has not boosted the market share as expected but only increased the operating assets due to its overstatement as the income statement do not include the US (Russel Web). The decline of the consumption of Molson’s products in its major markets is such a big blow to the company and puts the company into a very challenging situation. With the voting rights of Coors remains at 50% hence making it difficult to account for the company’s benefit in the consolidation process. The product for both the companies

Pedro Paramo by Juan Rulfo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pedro Paramo by Juan Rulfo - Essay Example Thesis statement: The close examination of the novel Pedro Paramo proves that the writer’s diction is interconnected with his aim to portray the difference between past and present, symbolism is related to the symbols like rain and fertility, usage of imagery is related to air, water and stone, and figurative language is related to the development of magical realism as a specific genre in world literature. Plot summary The novel’s plot is related to the lives of the narrator (Juan Preciado), his father Pedro Paramo, and his (the narrator’s father’s) lover, Susana San Juan. One can see that Comala, the imaginary town, is the background of the novel. In the beginning of the novel, the narrator decides to conduct an expedition to Comala to find out his father. But he did not try to stick on to his decision. Later, he was forced to start his journey to the town of Comala. Within this context, the narrator portrays the present situation in Comala. Now, the situ ation is different because most of the people who live in this town are spirits/ghosts. In the work by Rulfo, Sacabo, and Peden, the narrator made clear that â€Å"Nothing but abandoned houses, their empty doorways overgrown with weeds† (19). ... In the end, the people of Comala were forced to die by starvation. Examination: This section includes topics like diction, which portrays the difference between past and present, symbolism or the usage of symbols in the novel like rain and fertility, the usage of imagery like air, water and stone, and the usage of figurative language which represents the development of the genre of magical realism. A. Diction One can easily identify that the novelist’s ultimate aim in the novel is to make use of the story telling technique (first person and third person narrative technique) to portray the difference between past and present. For instance, the opening of the novel deals with the present condition in Comala, which is described by the narrator. On the other side, after the narrator’s untimely death, the narration suddenly shifts from first person to third person. In this way, Juan Preciado becomes unimportant in the following sections of the novel. From a different angle o f view, both the son and the father are no more and narration is handed over to the novelist. At the same time, this technique does not hinder the development of the plot because the same revolves around Pedro Paramo’s adventures. In this way, the novelist fulfils his aim to portray the difference between past and present. B. Symbolism The symbols like rain and fertility are interconnected because rain is symbolic of life/fertility. In the novel, the element of rain is made use by the novelist to portray the problems faced by the people of Comala. To be specific, the present condition in Comala is related to the lack of rain and the negative attitude of the leader (Pedro Paramo). Here, the leader is symbolic of rain which provides all to the living world. On the other

Community College Students Essay Example for Free

Community College Students Essay Often times, community college students are depicted by the public and the media as â€Å"not smart enough† or â€Å"not capable. † For example, just recently I was at Barnes and Noble and as I was looking for a book the sales associate approached me. She asked me if I needed help then asked me what school I attended, when I told her that I go to Fullerton College her attitude changed. She asked me if I didn’t go to a four year university because of my grades, when I told her that, that wasn’t the reason she went on ranting that I need to do good in school and I shouldn’t be at a community college. It seems that the public look down on the students at community college. When watching the show, â€Å"Blue Mountain State,† you have a group of friends that happen to be on the universities football team. On the show is portrays the typical university life and the football players engage in heavy drinking, drugs and lots of sex. If a four university is offering that then what is so good about going to one? Often times you hear about crazier parties thrown by universities rather than community colleges. Universities are supposed to be prestigious but these huge parties are throwing them off. Many times the public says that community college is no good because of its parties with drugs, they say that’s why no students should aim for community colleges but statistics say that universities throw the biggest parties. Who are the bad guys now? Recent talk on the website collegeconfidential. om, students talk about how their parents do not want their kids to go to a community college. This is a website for real people with answers from people who have had the experiences. A student just recently posted that his parents did not want him to go to a community college because they are no good. Many people were quick to respond to his post, most of the people who replied were adults who have had the experience, even some professors, and they told him that community college is not bad at all. The responders replied by saying that ommunity college has great professors and are cheaper than a four year university. Of course at a four year university you will get a bit better education, but for those who cannot afford the fees it is great for them. For example, a user , â€Å"NTKTOP,† posted this comment. â€Å"My parents say that they suck and that theyre going to kick me out of the house if I go to one. † This student sees nothing wrong with community college but his parents do, then this is what one San Diego State University graduate had to say, â€Å"I dont think theyre bad. Of course, it depends on the school you choose and professor you get, but thats the same of any traditional school. CC can be a good jumping board for some people. No matter where you go, you will find easy professors but in my experience CC is a not a bad choice. † This is my second semester in a community college; so far everything has been going good. The professors I have had are not very difficult but do not give easy grades. Last semester I had a Spanish class that was for advanced speakers but there were some things that did not click in my mind. My professor would stay with me after class to try and help me to better understand the material. This semester my math class has tutors that they offer for free. I take advantage of these resources because they are free and the professors are willing to help me out without any problem. The stories I hear from my friends in community college are that they have teachers that care for the student’s education; they do not give easy grades just because we are in community college. Many professors want to further our knowledge and prepare us for our transfer to a university. No matter where you go, you will get a great education. The United States is known worldwide for its prestigious schools. A big part has to come from the students, if the student is willing to put in the time, dedication and effort their possibilities are endless. So far, community college has been a great experience for me. I have great professors who are always able to help out. The media tries to pick on community colleges but in reality, it is a great choice in this economy. Many students that leave a four year university have a huge debt to pay because of loans. Many students choose community college because it is a fraction of the cost of a university. I do not think it is fair when parents judge community colleges as bad; you can get a good education for a very affordable price. You can go to a community college such as Fullerton College, which has great professors, to get your general education classes out of the way for a low price then transfer to a four year university to mainly focus on your degree classes.

Shaping, Joining and Surface Treatment Analysis

Shaping, Joining and Surface Treatment Analysis MANUFACTURING  PROCESS  SELECTION Introduction: Process selection is a key responsible are in an industry where the specification from the customers is analysed and the suitable process for the desired product is isolated from the other manufacturing processes. This selection process in a company is very important as this determines the futuristic profit for the industry or the quality of the products thats been produced from the plant. In order to analyse the importance and economics of the various processes in manufacturing industry, most of the companies these days uses CES software which explains all the details a company should think about before starting the manufacturing process. CES software details the important information on the history of the materials used for manufacturing process and suitable analysis based on their economics and environmental impact. In this report, from CES mainly, the process universe is analysed based on the three process such as SHAPING, JOINING and SURFACE TREATMENT. Figure 1 CES database with process universe Part 1 Manufacturing processes: From the CES (Cambridge engineering selector) software, process universe database few of the processes were selected and analysed in detail using CES database and the sources outside CES in order to investigate these processes. Joining, Shaping and Surface treatment are the three manufacturing processes that were analysed in this report. JOINING Introduction: This process describes the methods of joining parts together using various tools and methods in order to form certain assemblies which provides useful functions mechanically. At the very beginning joining process was very simple and basic like sewing using threads to stitch clothes, using paper clips, press studs and shoe laces. When it comes to fastening two objects or bodies together, all possible options should be considered in manufacturing processes in industries. Some of the basic classification of joining process are using Adhesives, Fasteners, Mechanical welding and Thermal welding. In industrial manufacturing process, joining process is widely divided into either permanent or non-permanent joining between two objects or surfaces. One of the common process in joining metals is to fasten two parts or castings in order to merge the two surfaces of the objects. Metal objects like body armours were assembled using metal rivets. Before metal welding was introduced, riveting the metals bodies played an important role in joining manufacturing process. BRAZING Brazing is one of the basic methods used to join two pieces of metals together. The process starts with isolating the two parts of steel that are to be brazed and by cleaning the parts using wire wool or emery cloth would remove all the greases on the surfaces. A paste that is made from borax flux powder and water is applied along the joint. This prevents the process of oxidation on the surfaces as this inhibits the brazing procedure being successful. And when the compressor attached to the brazing torch is turned ON, this pressurises the gas and the air, and then the gas-air is turned ON slowly, feeding the gas through the small nozzle and this is then ignited at the end of nozzle using a match. Figure 2 Brazing torch Once the torch is set and the hottest part of the brazing torch (tip of the blue part of the flame) is used to merge the two parts of the steel surfaces. Two pieces of the steel are placed on top of the rotating mount where it is easily accessed from all the directions. In order to lift the steel off the rotating mount, fire bricks are used and hence the heat produced can flow all over the surface rather than on one spot. The surfaces of the steel and the joining metal were given a gentle heat to raise the temperature in order to expand the metal edges and ready for brazing. Figure 3 Brazing process setup The flame is then moved forward and backward in order to focus the hottest part of the flame until the steel part becomes red hot. Then a brazing rod (copper zinc alloy) is then pushed gently along the edges of the steel surfaces and when the temperature is right the rod will melt in the gaps to fill them and merge the metal and steel surfaces. The rod is fed until it runs along the joint is brazed in order to join them together. When this is complete, the steel is allowed to cool slowly by quenching in water because cooling the metal quickly may break or crack the joint or it may become distorted. Figure4heatingprocessFigure 5 Brazed material Types of materials Brazing is the process which is widely used to heat exchangers, bicycle frames, boilers, copper pipes, and pipework fittings and to repair castings and assemble machine parts. Metals, Ceramics and dissimilar materials are normally brazed using this process in industries. A variety of alloys are used in brazing the materials by using the alloys for filtering. Some of the materials that are used as common filters are, Silver Copper Nickel alloy Gold silver Copper silver Aluminium silicon Copper zinc Most commonly, the brazing materials come as in the form of rod, powder, ribbon, paste, wire and preforms such as stamped washers. Characteristics of the components Brazing process will be able to fit within the sectional thickness of range from 0.1mm to 30mm. some might cover the points beyond this range, however, this may affect the increase in cost and time for the process in order to take place. The minimum section thickness is always determined by the process and the materials used within the certain manufacturing companies. Nominal tolerance for the brazing process is in the range from 0.05mm to 0.5mm and the resulting processed materials may be outside the tolerance range but this might affect the time for processing and the cost for the manufacturers. Some accuracy like precision or the surface roughness can be determined by the nature of the process. Economics of the process Brazing can be done manually and by using automated machines which is using the furnace. Generally manual process takes time and using the torch to braze a material requires certain skill level. On the other hand, automated furnace brazing requires no skill and no labour costs. Therefore, this brazing process is cheap and tools are fairly cost worthy as well and it is very economical for small runs in certain companies. Yet this process allows high production rates when the whole process is automated at large or industrial scale. SHAPING Introduction: Shaping is a process that was developed over time from ancient times when machines were involved in manufacturing processes. However, these types of shaping machines are not widely used in the current manufacturing industries although they had very substantial development. This process was used to cut metal tools and other parts in early days on the flat surfaces, yet these were used as a drawback in this times. Shaping produces the flat surfaces by moving a single point in a reciprocating or zigzag motion. The forward stroke is the cutting edge motion and the reverse motion is finished with high velocity motion in order to include the sideways feeding motion. CERAMIC MOLD CASTING Ceramic mold casting is a process which uses high temperatures in order to cast certain parts of machines or even tools, used in various machineries. This process is also like plaster mold casting but instead of using plaster to create metal parts or castings, ceramic casting uses refractory mold materials for casting. In an industrial level the parts used as cutting machinery or metal molds die for metalworking or even the metal impellers can also be manufactured using this type of casting processes. Nature of the process This process kicks off with preparing the platform for pouring the material for molding. A mixture of fine grain ZIRCON (ZrSiO4), aluminium oxide, fused silica, bonding agents and water which creates a ceramic slurry solution for the mold to be dipped in or immersed in this solution. When the mold is set in the slurry solution in the platform, the pattern is then removed and the casted mold is then left off to dry. Then using high flamed torch, the mold is then fired in order to melt or heat off the excess cast around the mold. This firing the mold process will also burn off any unwanted waste materials on the mold and make it rigid and hardened for the future polishing process. In order to add more strength and rigidity the mold is then baked in an oven over a certain time period or even heated in the furnace. The firing process leaves the mold with few cracks and lines which then adding the mold extra permeability and collapsibility for the metal processing that comes later in the industrial scale manufacturing process. Figure 6 ceramic casting process Once the mold was prepared the two halves were then joined together for assembly and be ready to pour the casting or molten material into the molds. The two halves also called as cope and drag section are then backed up with the fireclay materials for additional molding strength. Often in these types of processes in manufacturing industry, the ceramic mold is preheated in the oven in order to pour the molten metal into the cast. The metal casting is poured and let to solidify, in ceramic molding process in industries, like in other expandable mold processes, the ceramic mold is destroyed in the removal process of the metal casting. The ceramic mold itself can be a shell, for small manufacture processing components, or a box less block mold, for large industrial components, or even a composite mold combines both the shell which then backed up with a cheaper material like the large components that are produced in large quantities. The insulating nature of the ceramic mold prevents the molds from decaying or decomposing and prolongs the lifespan of the cycle time however the manufacturing ceramic casting process lends itself to mechanization and rapid output of molds. Types of materials Ceramic casting process plays a vital role in casting metal components such as tools used for forging and extrusion and even die casting. This process also used in the glass production. Some of the materials that has been processed in this way are, Aerospace parts and components Marine fitting tools Propellers for ships and small turbines Complex gearing parts Pumps and valves Pipes and precision machinery parts Impellers Characteristics of the components Mass range for this casting process is from 0.2kg to 50kg of weight and this is determined by the capacity of the casting mold or the caster, the press that the mold undergoes and the machine tools, etc. this can also often be extruded or extended with the help of additional process of fabricating. 1.5mm to 999mm is the range of the sectional thickness of the materials or the casting mold that is being used in the casting process in the industrial scale of manufacturing process. This is determined by the fluid flow in castings or the plastic constraints used in the molding process or the melt flow length in injection molding, etc. this process can generally be further outside the range resulting increase in cost for material and time for the process to take place in an industry. The range of tolerance for this casting process is from 0.38mm to 0.8mm in length or measurement as the achiever tolerance can be refined by secondary machining operations such as precision grinding and polishing in order to remove the extra unwanted materials and keep the accuracy nearly to 100%. 1.6 µm to 3.2 µm is the range of roughness for this process as this is controlled by smoothness of the molds or casting surfaces. Economics of the process Ceramic mold casting is relatively expensive. The tools costs cover a range from small, simple to large, complex molding materials and they vary in size shape and structure. To be able to cast parts at higher accuracy elements eliminates the need for machinery which reduces the cost for automated process but this casting is mainly monitored with watchful eyes and that increases labouring costs and training men in different aspects of skills development. The long preparation time taken in molds increasing makes the manufacturing production rates at very low intervals and increasing demands for new molds with certain improvements. SURFACE TREATMENT Introduction: Surface treatment can be used in various ways in order to clean or polish the surface of the materials using various techniques. This includes polishing or grinding the metals as well as smoothening the outer surface of the body of the materials used in manufacturing. Surface treatment of the metals involves the creation of a barrier that can protect the metal parts like a wall around the body in order to prevent corrosion or other chemical or environmental damages. The surface layer forming on a metal that is scheduled for chemical coating is created due to a chemical reaction which is non electrolytic in nature in order to achieve great and precision results in industrial manufacturing process. GRINDING Grinding is a slow process that polishes the surface of a material yet not removing a large sized part from the object or cutting the big edge off the material. In the past, this process was only used to machining processes or final dimension accuracy treatments by finishing the surface of the materials. But the developed or renowned new processes are changing the thought process thats been used over the years of time. Utilizing new grinding techniques, incredible material removal rate has increased up to 300mm3/smm, which is equal to 28 cubic inches per minute. This process allows the tough edges in aerospace markets, where the materials are made up of tough alloy or nickel to be removed and polished. Nature of the process Grinding process normally associated with the tools thats been used in the process of grinding. A grinding tool is used to grind down or polish metals or glass surfaces. Grinder is more like a sander which uses the abrasive surface of the grinder to remove the minute particles on the materials. Grinding process actually sharpens the wheel that is attached to the grinder by braking those particles and creating new grinding points in the wheel. A grinding wheel is made from several chemical and mineral ingredients, this composition of particles may vary according to the purpose of the wheel that is used in the industry like whether to grind metals or polish ceramic glasses. Figure 7 bonding particles in grinding wheel making process For metals they use the grinding wheel made from aluminium oxide granules to create that very abrasive surface of the wheel. For non-metals components, silicon based particles are used in the making of surface of the grinding wheels. These particles are added in weighed scales and by using resin bonding agents these particles are then bonded in shape to form the grinding wheels which are then used in the grinders for appropriate uses. Figure 8 grinding process with grinding wheels Types of materials Grinding also used to cut hardened steel, which produces very smooth surfaces. Surface pressure is minimum in grinding, which is suitable for light or small works that will spring away from the cutting tool in the other machining processes. It can be classified into rough and precision grinding. Rough grinding eliminates the primary layer of the materials that are with the huge or big part of the edges and extra addition of materials. This prepares the materials for further grinding with precision and increased accuracy. Surface grinding uses a rotating abrasive wheel to remove material which creates a flat surface. Pistons, pins, gears and shafts are some of the materials prepared by this grinding process. Rivets, valves and pipe fittings and lenses and mirrors for precision optical equipment. Characteristics of the components Surface smoothness of the materials used under grinding process achieve the high precision. The maximum temperature attained during this process is ranges from 70 to 370 C, this is due to the interaction between the grinding wheel and the material that is being grinded in the process. Unfortunately, the grinding process does not even out all parts of the material which indicates whether the treatment reaches its maximum precision level. At this process the curved surface coverage is very poor. Economics of the process The tools used for grinding process are fairly cheap and affordable. This is for manual polishing tools only with the approximate range of price from capital cost being  £90 to  £1000 and tooling cost ranges from  £8 to  £200 however this results in the production rates being very low as this is a manual process. Automatic machining processes can be expensive for both capital (ranges from  £1800 to  £1,000,000) and tooling machines (ranges from  £900 to  £10,000) but this shows higher production rates in manufacturing. PART 2 In depth case study analysis Using CES software the following charts are drawn and one of the given case study is analysed with the help of CES software. Manifold Jacket Figure 9 Manifold Jacket hollow 3D model The part shown above is called manifold jacket, is used in aerospace shuttles and vehicles. This component is made from nickel and it weighs about 7 Kg as this is a large 3D hollow dimensioned component it has a thickness of 2 5 mm with a precision tolerance of 0.1 mm. In this process of manufacturing case study, we only going to manufacture 10 units as this limited usage in the industry. Table 1 design requirements Manifold Jacket Material class selection Mass range Vs Material class The required material for this manifold jacket comes from a non-ferrous alloy. The chart below explains the class of materials fall in the range from 5 to 10 Kg of mass range of the chosen material (Non-ferrous alloy). From CES software the chart was created by labelling Y-Axis (Mass range Kg) and X-Axis (Material class Non-ferrous alloys). Then certain range as given above (5 to 10 Kg) was isolated using the box tool and the processes that satisfies the approximate length and mass are then labelled in the chart. The box in the chart isolates the processes which can shape these alloys and can handle the desired mass range of 5 10 Kg. Mass range was the Y axis and it was selected from the Process universe > Shaping > Mass range from the chart dialog box. Material class on the X-axis was chose from the advanced features and under Tree > Material universe > Metals > Non-ferrous alloys. In order to choose the limit to isolate the required process selection, a box was drawn in the chart body and right clicked on to Properties > Specified range 5 10 Kg in under the mass range sub heading. Then the chart was then zoomed in according to label the processes. By clicking and dragging on each of the coloured lines the desired processes can be identified. Chart 1 mass range VS nonferrous alloy Thickness Vs Shape class The chart below shows the relationship between the range of section thickness of the chosen materials and to see which processes can produce a 3D hollow shape of the material with transverse features. The chart was plotted by choosing range of thickness for Y-axis and hollow 3D with transverse features on the X-axis. By selecting Chart > Y axis > Range of section Thickness was selected in order to plot the graph and X axis > Advanced > Tree > Shape > 3D shaping > Transverse features. A box was marked in the chart by selecting box tool in order to isolate the processes that are capable of making that desired 3D hollow feature with the transverse feature as well. This box was in the range of section thickness from 2 mm to 5 mm. the processes outside the desired range are in different colour since these processes failed to produce the desired results within the certain limitation and ranges specified by the manufacturing company or industry. Chart 2 range of section thickness VS hollow 3D with transverse features Tolerance Vs Primary shaping process The process selection chart below refers to the interaction between the tolerance that the selection process can have and the trueness of the primary shaping process that is responsible for the formation of this manifold jacket. This chart was plotted using CES by selecting Chart from the process universe and under Shaping process > Y axis > Tolerance (mm) and on the other hand for X axis > Primary shaping process was selected on the same dialog box as both are under shaping process sub heading. Few processes that can be used to make this product within the limited tolerance and accuracy of the ranges are then isolated from the chart using a box tool and drawing the box for only the processes that can satisfy which means whatever lies on the box after TRUE phase and the applicable tolerance was specified. The tolerance level for these processes ranges from 0.1 mm and whatever above this tolerance and belong to the true phase then these processes can be used to manufacture the desired product with the possible tolerance output. Chart 3 tolerance VS primary shaping processes Economics Vs Discrete The chart below was plotted against the Economics of the batch size of 10 units thats been produced from the manufacturing processes. This chart explains the cost for the manufacturing process and see how much this process cost for the company would in order to produce 10 units of the desired products. Using the box tool from CES, 10-unit scale was isolated from the chart and the processes which can produce the certain amount of products are labelled outside the chart. Economics batch size in units is plotted in Y axis by selecting form Chart > Y axis > Economics batch size and for the X axis from the shaping process universe > X axis > Discrete was selected. Only the true section of the chart which can produce the desired materials can be isolated and units of 10 were boxed in order to see which processes can achieve this manufacturing process. Table 2 processes of the manifold jacket Chart 4 economics of the batch size VS discrete Methodology and conclusion Before even the part was made, it was important to meet the customer requirements and produce a report on how the production is going to take place and how this might satisfy the customers needs in order to make the production more efficient and effective. To make Manifold jackets it seems that Electroforming and investment casting are the right processes with the suitable economics and even for small number of units the casting works out just fine. These types of products are used in small number of units such as in aerospace vehicles and shuttles therefore it doesnt have to be produced in vast quantities. But in order to produce in bulk operations this process could cost very high and more expensive when it comes to the process being automated as the machines for these types of processes could cost effective and hard to maintain. If the process is manual this could cost much worthy for the company as in training staffs and more labour could result in expensive treatments. When it comes to large scale production of the desired products Electroforming is the only solution and for the manual process side, Investment casting emerged as a suitable solution. However, before any of these decisions been made, a brief analysis of the investment and profit report such as a cost analysis report is advisable in order to proceed with the project in future. And the analysis from the labours also advised in order to maintain a constant and continuous production in line in the factory in near future. PART 3 Environmental Impact of Process Selection ECO AUDIT TOOL To evaluate the environmental impact of the designed product and to analyse the ways to reduce this effect on the environment, ECO-AUDIT tool in CES software is used. This concept is achieved by focusing on energy usage and CO2 footprint of the materials used in the process of manufacturing. The product design forms the objective for the methods used and this resulted from a class of material selection. The objective is dependent on both product application and dominant phase, when the use phase is dominant the objective for a car would be minimize mass, whereas for a boiler, it would be to minimise thermal loss from the manufacturing process. Eco audit tool helps us to perform small or large quick audit before even we begin the report. This part of the CES software helps you to track and focus on the environmental requirements and simple and quantitative reports are being produced in order to demonstrate the compliance. This way it saves money by identifying the early stage corrections and before even the resources were submitted. Methodology of ECO Audit tool The methodology system in ECO audit helps us to easily interact with the tools and get some environmental impact of the manufacturing processes or the materials used for the manufacturing process quickly and effectively. This way you can track the product sustainability, comply with the customers target or the companys and even help us with more ideas in order to improve the design for manufacturing. If the goal is to minimise the environmental impact of the processes performed in the environment we need a quick and effective means of valuable report in order to judge the performance or the quantitative assessment. The whole processes in the ECO audit methodology can be summarised by the following image which clearly explains the steps and analysis of the process. Figure 10 methodology of ECO Audit process Advantages It helps us to make quick and early decisions based on the corrections and solutions given by the eco audit tool and this saves the company a plenty of time and money by identifying the mistakes in early designs and early stages. In order to use this software, the company or the industrial personnel does not need a specific knowledge therefore this product can be used across the company by anyone making this software more accessible for everyone and engineers can be supported by this software and take advantage by using this to make changes in their environmental audition report. It also helps the company to demonstrate the progression towards sustainability goals thats been set or achieved for the customers and some of the investors from other companies and sectors through benchmarks and some other better quantitative measures made. Case study Glass bottle We are trying to find out all the information regarding this product. For this we can use ECO audit tool which can tell us about the life cycle of this product, transport and uses for this product. This tool also clarifies the information for the energy consumed by this product and the CO2 emission for this product. We now analyse the design and the materials used in order to form this bottle including the cap of the bottle and also analyse where the bottle actually transported from and the net weight of the product or the balance weight that this product can maintain. Product manufacture The name of the product is Glass bottle with the aluminium cap that can be filled with 1 litre of mineral water which could also mean that the net weight of the materials and the whole product is 1Kg. Table 3 materials in manufacturing the product All the materials that the bottle was made up of can be recycled which indicates that the whole product is very Eco friendly and very beneficial to the environment. Transport The bottle itself was manufactured in France and it has been transported 550 km to UK with the help of

Thornfield Manor in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre :: Jane Eyre Essays

Thornfield Manor in Jane Eyre Thornfield Manor is but one stop in Jane's journey to freedom from her restraints and her stay there begins in a comfortable manner. Although it begins warm, Thornfield becomes a haven of boredom, restlessness, and discontent for Jane. To free herself from the boredom, Jane goes out to mail a letter and unknowingly encounters Mr. Rochester. Jane finds that "...the frown, the roughness of the traveler set me at my ease:"(Bronte 105). Through her past experiences, Jane knows how to deal aptly with Mr. Rochester and displays her skills in doing so in a conversation with him even when she knows who he is. "I don't think, sir, you have the right to command me, merely because you are older than I, or because you have seen more of the world than I have; your claim to superiority depends on the use you have made of your time and experience"(Bronte 125). In the comment Jane makes directly to Mr. Rochester, she is bold. He is her employer but she refuses to be demeaned by him and her experienc es at Gateshead and Lowood teach her to be firm but polite, a part of her move toward education and away from containment. Another example of Jane's rebellion comes from within her. She realizes that she is falling in love with Mr. Rochester and it is unacceptable because she is socially inferior to him. The love she holds is a rebellion in itself because she is impoverished and lower than him. Jane compares herself to the beautiful Blanche Ingram in order to sort her feelings. She continues on with her rebellion when Mrs. Reed calls for her. Mrs. Reed is ill and, although she treats Jane badly at Gateshead, Jane goes to her side- in her refusal to let Mrs. Reed overcome her. Jane slowly learns how to deal with the bad times life has handed her thus far. Mrs. Reed, still just as cold on her death bed as she has been in the past, continues to denounce Jane and has contempt for her. Mrs Reed proclaims, "The fever broke out there [Lowood], and many of the pupils died.

Food Shortages :: essays papers

Food Shortages One of the most complex issues in the world today concerns human population. The number of people living off the earth’s resources and stressing its ecosystem has doubled in just forty years. In 1960 there were 3 billion of us; today there are 6 billion. We have no idea what maximum number of people the earth will support. Therefore, the very first question that comes into people’s mind is that are there enough food for all of us in the future? There is no answer for that. Food shortage has become a serious problem among many countries around the world. There are many different reasons why people are starving all over the world. The lack of economic justice and water shortages are just merely two examples out of them all. Danielle Knight stated that â€Å"The true source of world hunger is not scarcity but policy; not inevitability but politics, the real culprits are economies that fail to offer everyone opportunities, and societies that place economic efficiency over compassion.† The author is trying to say that, basically, world hunger is mainly caused by us humans. The world is providing more than enough food for each and every one of us on earth according to the report - 'World Hunger: Twelve Myths'. The problem is that there are so many people living in the third world countries who do not have the money to pay for readily available food. Even if their country has excess food, they still go hungry because of poverty. Since people are mistaken by â€Å"scarcity is the real cause of this problem†, governments and institutions are starting to solve food shortage problems by increasing food production, while there really is an excess of food in some countries. Although the green revolu tion was a big success globally, hunger still exists in some countries. The author stated, â€Å"Large farms, free-markets, free trade, and more aid from industrialized countries, have all been falsely touted as the ‘cure’ to end hunger†. All of those are used to promote exports and food production, it doesn’t increase the poor’s ability to buy food he says. What the government really should do is to balance out the economy, and let more people earn more money to buy more foods. Sandra Postel, on the other hand, has a different opinion than Danielle’s. She proposed that â€Å"without increasing water productivity in irrigation, major food-producing regions will not have enough water to sustain crop production†. Food Shortages :: essays papers Food Shortages One of the most complex issues in the world today concerns human population. The number of people living off the earth’s resources and stressing its ecosystem has doubled in just forty years. In 1960 there were 3 billion of us; today there are 6 billion. We have no idea what maximum number of people the earth will support. Therefore, the very first question that comes into people’s mind is that are there enough food for all of us in the future? There is no answer for that. Food shortage has become a serious problem among many countries around the world. There are many different reasons why people are starving all over the world. The lack of economic justice and water shortages are just merely two examples out of them all. Danielle Knight stated that â€Å"The true source of world hunger is not scarcity but policy; not inevitability but politics, the real culprits are economies that fail to offer everyone opportunities, and societies that place economic efficiency over compassion.† The author is trying to say that, basically, world hunger is mainly caused by us humans. The world is providing more than enough food for each and every one of us on earth according to the report - 'World Hunger: Twelve Myths'. The problem is that there are so many people living in the third world countries who do not have the money to pay for readily available food. Even if their country has excess food, they still go hungry because of poverty. Since people are mistaken by â€Å"scarcity is the real cause of this problem†, governments and institutions are starting to solve food shortage problems by increasing food production, while there really is an excess of food in some countries. Although the green revolu tion was a big success globally, hunger still exists in some countries. The author stated, â€Å"Large farms, free-markets, free trade, and more aid from industrialized countries, have all been falsely touted as the ‘cure’ to end hunger†. All of those are used to promote exports and food production, it doesn’t increase the poor’s ability to buy food he says. What the government really should do is to balance out the economy, and let more people earn more money to buy more foods. Sandra Postel, on the other hand, has a different opinion than Danielle’s. She proposed that â€Å"without increasing water productivity in irrigation, major food-producing regions will not have enough water to sustain crop production†.

Hopes And Dreams :: essays research papers

Hopes and Dreams Science has been the backbone of my life ever since my high school days in Malaysia. Although I studied many science subjects like Physics and Biology, I was especially fond of chemistry. My fondness of chemistry was attributed to my chemistry teacher Mr. Ang, in the eleventh grade who motivated me to explore every topic in great depth. He always gave me great advice, and I was greatly influenced by his spirit and values. Before I applied to universities in Malaysia, I attended various seminars which gave advice to students who were applying to universities and colleges. It is here that I got the most important advice of all, "Chose a major in a field that interests you." It did not take long before I was accepted to the xxxx University, and I chose Chemical Engineering as my field of study. Unfortunately, I had to deny the offer since my family had decided to move to the United States of America. Moving to the States has not been easy. I have not only encountered cultural differences, but a lot of difference in the educational system as well. But my goal to major in Chemistry still remains unchanged, and my options have widened. Last year, I learned about the Center for Science Excellence in one of my Chemistry classes, but I wasn’t aware of the many advantages and rewards of being part of such a remarkable program. As a newcomer, I have made numerous mistakes in choosing my courses and I need a lot of good advice and guidance. The Center for Science Excellence is exactly the type of program that can fulfill these needs, and help to put me on the right track instead me personally learning from costly mistakes. CSE is center which guides many other science students. It would be very helpful to make friends with other science students with whom I can exchange knowledge, ideas, and friendship. The internships that CSE provides to its students would help me gain experience and exposure to various areas in science which interest me, and hopefully guide me to the job of my dream.

Public school vs. cyber school Essay

Did you know you have more choices today about where your children attend public school? There is more to public schools than just the traditional â€Å"brick and mortar† schools you attended in past decades. Cyber schools are essentially public schools where students attend school full-time online at home or where ever they have an internet connection. Technology has made it easier than ever before to educate your child at home. According to NATIONAL CENTER FOR EDUCATION STATISTICS (2013). â€Å"From school year 1999-2000 to 2010-2011, the number of students enrolled in public charter schools increased from 0.3 million to 1. 8 million students. During this period, the percentage of all public schools that were public charter schools increased from 2 to 5 percent, comprising 5,300 schools in 2010-2011. † (Charter School Enrollment). Students have started to attend Cyber School because of a variety of reasons including: social anxieties, peer pressure, students who are under stimulated with curriculum, students behind in classes, and bullying. If you are saying to yourself that stuff like this only happens in middle and high school, you are kidding yourself. Bullying and Peer Pressure also happen at the elementary level. At third grade the main reason my nephew left public school was because of being bullied. He was the subject of humiliation, when an older student forcefully made him take chewing tobacco and put it in his mouth and keep it there until he got sick in front of other kids. This instance alone was enough for my sister and brother-in-law to pull their son out of public school and begin to Cyber School him at home. It is something like this that makes parents stop and think if traditional public education is the right choice. Families deciding the best option of a public education or cyber school for elementary children need to carefully consider the learning environment, their parental involvement and the academic benefits. The learning environment in which children learn is a determining factor as to whether a child should attend Cyber School or be sent to a traditional brick and mortar school. Public school teachers have classrooms full of fifteen to twenty-five students to provide attention to, which means your child is not getting the proper instruction they need to learn at their best and could lead to your child falling behind. I have seen this with my son who is in first grade, when he comes home I ask him what he learned. His response is â€Å"I don’t know. † Every night we work on homework and he struggles to do simple math facts and with reading sight words (words that students are expected to know in the grade they are in). After the first marking period my husband and I had a parent teacher conference with his teacher and I asked how he was doing in class and was concerned with his math and reading skills not being at the appropriate level. Her response was â€Å"Well he is slow at processing information and it takes a long time for him to get his worksheets done, we have to move on. † At this point in the conference I am thinking I could do a better job teaching him at home. I do not want my son to go unnoticed and fall through the cracks of the public education system and be promoted through grade levels because the teachers are too busy to stop and make sure every child understands the material before moving on. Students who stay at home to learn are in their home where it is a primarily safe and secure environment. Children do not have to deal with the peer pressure, bullying, worry about what clothes to wear or being in the right cliques. With Cyber School your child focuses on doing school work and advancing their education. A child enrolled in Cyber School can be just that- a child, and this alone will give your child the opportunity to focus on what he or she is learning that day. Some children are more productive and have better learning experiences when in the right environment; whether it be at home where they can get individual attention or in a large classroom full of noisy children trying to get the teachers attention. Parents have a choice in how involved they want to be with their child’s education. A public school teacher oversees the daily efforts of the students and parents get reports only if the student is failing or at report card time. Public school parents can be involved in other ways like: helping with homework or help study for a test; be there for plays, concerts and activities; and talk to the teacher and see what areas you can help your child achieve. While some parents want and need to work, making it so they have less time to spend being involved in their children’s education; other parent’s want that hands on approach to ensure their child’s success. Parents’ involvement in their child’s education is crucial in Cyber School while in public education you are leaving your child’s education up to the teacher. A parent would need to manage their child’s schedule, ensure child is completing work at a reasonable pace, while leaving the instructional experience to the teacher. Parents who decide to home school their children should find a way to integrate social aspects into their child’s daily structure; such as, signing him up for sports teams or community clubs like: Cub Scouts, Boy Scouts and Girls Scouts with other children his age. This way students will be able to benefit from the social aspects, which are needed at every age. Parental involvement is important for the success in any child’s education whether in public school or in Cyber School. There are academic benefits to both public school and Cyber School; where public school students learn valuable social skills by attending classes with others their own age. The social interaction between children and between children and teachers give children the ability to learn to socialize well with other students and make friends. Children are taught at an early age to work together and problem-solve in groups with other children. Public education is a one-size-fits-all approach to education, teachers are to slow down the pace of their instruction to cater to the slowest students in the classroom, even though these are the ones that are sometimes overlooked. My neighbors’ son was overlooked, because when they tested him for Cyber School, they found he was actually not performing well in math. His test score was a whole grade level below where he should have been. With enrolling him in Agora Cyber Charter School he is able to get more help in the subject areas he needs to improve upon. By enrolling your child in Cyber School you are your child’s learning coach, by partnering with the teacher to ensure daily progress and academic achievement. Having your child learn at home with Cyber School will give him/her the individualized attention that the large class sizes in public schools fail to offer. An individualized curriculum will be one that is tailored to your child’s needs, learning style, and strengths and weaknesses. According to Agora Cyber Charter School (2014), â€Å"Agora’s individualized approach means your child can go as fast or slow as he needs to†. Cyber school students move at their own pace and have the ability to focus more time on harder subjects where needed. If a student has problems in addition facts but excels in telling time and counting money then the student can devote as much time as needed to develop those skills; therefore, the benefits of Cyber School leave no weak points in the child’s education. A decision whether to enroll your child in a cyber school or a traditional â€Å"brick and mortar† school involves many factors. Parents must carefully weigh these benefits and decide how important each of these points is to them when making their decision. Both public schools and Cyber schools hold specific and helpful opportunities for children to learn. Every parent should decide what is best for their child’s education; as each child is a unique individual, and their education should be just as unique as them. Works Cited NATIONAL CENTER FOR EDUCATION STATISTICS. (2013). The Condition of Education. Retrieved from http://nces. ed. gov/programs/coe/indicator_cgb. asp Agora Cyber Charter School. (2014). K-8 Curriculum. Retrieved from http://www. k12. com/agora/curriculum/k-8#. UxorwDiPLnM.

Jewish teaching within family Essay

In this essay I will look at what Jews believe they must do to bring up and care for their family, what rabbi’s say on this and what is written in the bible. The first thing I will examine is contraception many Jews consider a large family as a blessing from god and for this reason see contraception as a hindrance and interference with the divine plan. â€Å"God formed the world†¦. He created it not to remain empty; he made it to be populated† Isaiah but on the other hand Judaism regards preserving life as of much importance or more. Where there may be complications or a hazard to the woman if she falls pregnant contraception should be used . using contraceptives for convenience how ever is not regarded as an excuse i. e. paying for their TV instead of having children is not considered acceptable in Judaism. Judaism considers it wrong for anyone Jew or not to have sex out of marriage, although it does not attach a stigma to a child born out of wedlock. Within Jewish marriage sexual behaviour is guided by a code of conduct from the torah in which a man and his wife are not allowed to have sexual relations during the wife’s menstruation period and for an entire week after couples find this actually strengthens their marriage with each buying each other gifts or doing other non physical acts, after this a woman is supposed to go to a pool called a mikveh where she immerses her entire body in water, this is supposed to create an atmosphere almost like the engagement period. â€Å"A wife returning from the mikveh is as fresh to her husband as on their wedding day†. Parents and children: Judaism teaches that parents and children have a certain responsibilities towards each other. â€Å"Honour your father and mother† a rabbi once said this works both ways he said this is not only an instruction to the child but also to the parent â€Å"make yourselves the kind of people your child wants to respect†. Parents are expected to feed clothe, and educate their children, and see that they can support themselves. â€Å"Teach your son a trade† says the Talmud â€Å"or teach him to become a robber†. They are supposed to teach them basic survival skills like swimming and a craft they are also supposed to teach them some things about the world like don’t accept lifts from strangers which is considered as basic common in some places but in Judaism these are considered as religious obligations. They also are supposed to teach them morale obligations and to be morale people. They are given guidance and a guide sometimes it is necessary to punish a child says the Talmud but do not threaten to do so either do it right away or let it drop. Children are supposed to be as equally respectful to their parents though â€Å"see that they eat and drink, and take them where they need to go† Talmud. They must treat their parents with respect and avoid hurting them. `

Descarte’s Causal Argument

Descartes casts everything into doubt in the first meditation, including God Himself. He then comes to this disproval of this theory therefore concluding that God exists. This is brought about through the causal argument. Desartes begins this argument with the causal principle. This principle states that there must be at least as much reality in the effcient and total cause as in the effect of the cause. Therefore a cause is essential for an effect, meaning that a cause must have as much reality as an effect if not more. Descartes then applies this principle to ideas.He establishes 2 realities; formal reality and objective reality. Formal reality refers to that what makes an object, what the object is made of. Formal realities can be any of the hierarchy of being- infinite substance, finite substance and mode. For instance the formal reality of a bag is finite, thus a bag is a finite substance. Objective reality refers to ideas only. It is therefore the formal reality of the thing re presenting the idea. Lets take â€Å" the idea of a bag†. All ideas have the formal reality of a mode therefore its formal reality is that of a mode.On the other hand, the objective reality of â€Å"the idea of a bag† is a finite substance. This is because a bag in itself is a finite substance and because it is an idea, its objective reality is finite. Hence it maybe understood that only ideas of things can have objective realities; a bag (for example) in itself can only have a formal reality while the idea of a bag (for example) can have both formal reality and objective. Descartes henceforth distinguishes between formal and objective realities as previously stated. This then leads Descartes to put the causal principle and ideas together, establishing causal principle ideas.Descartes asks if the cause of the idea of something can be a mode. As stated above, the cause of an effect must have more reality that the effect itself. An idea of something has the formal realit y of a mode yet the objective reality of the â€Å"something†. Thus, if the example of the bag is used, the idea of a bag has the objective reality of a finite substance. So taking the causal principle into perspective, the cause of this idea must be either a finite substance or an infinite substance because the cause must have the same or a higher reality. If we then ask the question â€Å"can the cause of the idea of a bag be a mode?†The answer would be no. The reason being that the idea of a bag has an objective reality of a finite substance so the cause must indeed be finite or infinite. The essence of the Causal Argument is then discussed after all this was established. Descartes brings up the idea of God and questions it. He had put even God into doubt in Meditation 1 and this argument is resurfaced in Meditation 3. â€Å"The idea of God† , as every idea, has the formal reality of a mode yet its objective reality is unique. It has the objective reality of an infinite substance.An infinite substance in itself refers to God. Due to these facts, Descartes himself, or any human for that matter, cannot be the cause of such an idea because they are finite substances which has less reality than an infinite substance. Hence, Descartes concludes that only God Himself can be the cause of the idea of God because an infinite substance is the only possible cause to an idea of the objective reality of an infinite substance. This is Descartes proof of the existence of God. Through further reference to Descartes’ first meditation, this eliminates any doubts of God.Descartes states that whatever is clearly and distinctly perceived is true and God is good. Hence, the evil demon theory in the first meditation is eliminated. If God is good then we cannot be being deceived by an evil demon because God would not let us be deceived like that. Through â€Å"whatever is clearly and distinctly perceived is true†, we understand that we are not dr eaming, we are existing and living. Descartes builds the rest of his meditations on this. Before everything was cast into doubt, now the truths are being revealed through these foundations.

U.S. Federal Reserve Monetary Policy

The United States is one of the few industrialized country in the world.   It is a country that is admired by many. The Americans have managed their finances quite well. The Federal Reserves system of the United States is one institution that handles financial fraction of the United States of America. It is the central bank of this developed country that was created by the Congress in 1913 to aid in having a safe, flexible and stable monetary and financial system (http//www.federalreserve.gov). To keep up with the mission of the Federal Reserve, they have created Monetary Policy. This policy is about all the actions taken by the Federal Reserve System regarding the cost and availability of money as well as in promoting economic goals. The Monetary policy is a very powerful tool; it can make or break the status of economic variables like employment and prices of goods and services. This is a responsibility is very crucial for the economic status of the country since their decisions dictates the would be trend. The task of handling monetary policy lies in the hand of able team members of the Federal System, the Federal Open Market Committee. This committee includes the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Reserve Bank presidents (http//www.federalreserve.gov). Making monetary policies is a task that requires close scrutiny and careful examinations of data at hand. The Federal Open Market Committee has tools that aid them in making sound decisions about the policies that will be made by them and implemented country-wide. These three tools are open market operations, discount rate and reserve requirements. An open market operation is one tool used for monetary policies. This tool of monetary policy concerns controlling the supply of money by a buy and sell of U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities. They guide their decisions from the current status of the country’s economy regarding exchange rates or interest rates. The decisions are also based on an objective that is set by the Federal System. This objective is stipulated by the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). The objective that is set by Federal Open Market Committee each economic year varies accordingly (http//www.federalreserve.gov). Though there is one thing that is constant is that they base their assessment on how to maintain the stability of prices in the market to encompass a sustainable growth. An open market operation has also change through time. Nowadays, it can also be done electronically. The discount rate is the second tool of monetary policy. The federal system has regional banks and they also give loans to other commercial banks and institutions. The interest rate charged to these intuitions is the discount rate (http//www.federalreserve.gov). This is not given to just any bank or any depository institution though. They have to still meet a specific set of requirements to be able to loan and on what level of credit scoring from the federal system. Reserve requirements are the third tool in creating a monetary policy. The Board of Governors has the exclusive right to amend a change regarding these requirements (http//www.federalreserve.gov). This dictates the minimum reserve regarding customers’ deposits and notes. This year, the recorded reserve requirements in America is ten percent on transaction deposits and zero on time deposits and all other deposits. The booming field of information technology has helped lift the economic conditions in the country. In 2005, it has recorded 12.41 trillion dollars as its gross domestic product (GDP). GDP is one of the measures used to indicate how good the economy of a country is doing. This rate will include the measures of all finished products created and services produced (Wikipedia). It is wise that companies and businesses in the United States have the flexibility to adapt innovations in the field of information technology to make them more profitable. Koznar (2005) has said in his speech that the current stability in the economy is also because of the labor markets contribution. He has attributed some qualities of the American economy that makes it successful. These qualities include flexibility,  Ã‚   trade liberalization, and The monetary policy of the United States has been into ups and downs but the Federal Reserve team members are determined to succeed and to maintain a high standard. They are aiming on a more efficient and effective operation by having just a few locations. Federal Reserve is an independent entity, it is neither under the government’s jurisdiction nor is it to be called a private institution. They make sure that the monetary policies that they implement are in accordance to what the economy needs to succeed by careful deliberating the information presented and analyzing diverse views of the team members. Each of the monetary policy council member also its own team help them in formulating their positions for the economy. The team is complete from an economist and a financial analyst to translate the trends in the market, a payments system expert to check if the policies will an advantage, to an attorney to make sure that every policy is in accordance with the law thus it will not be questioned. Success is nothing if you can not measure it. In an international trade scene, economies of scale will play a critical role in determining the unit cost that will increase returns. Better organizational skills are needed by a management team that is gearing towards success. These factors include how we perceive the environment, time, power, structures and space; the emphasis we place on relationships or tasks, on individuals or the collective; how we think and communicate. Productivity within a team needs to be established for this is critical regarding the success of a company or an institution. Each component contributes to the behavior of the system. No component has an independent effect on the system. The behavior of the system is changed if any component is removed or changed. Reference: Krozner, Randall S. â€Å"Remarks by Governor Randall S. Kroszner   At The Forecasters Club of New York†, September 27, 2006. Federal Reserve. Retrieved November 04, 2006 from http://www.federalreserve.gov/boarddocs/speeches/2006/20060927/default.htm Federal Reserve System. Monetary Policy. Retrieved November 04, 2006 from Wikipedia. Economy of the United States. Retrieved November 04, 2006 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States

Homeowners file a tort claim against a theme park Case Study

Homeowners file a tort claim against a theme park - Case Study Example to 7 p.m. There was nary a moment of peace for the village residents since then because of: Roads clogged with traffic. On opening day of the amusement park itself, roads to and from the village were impassable, such that the milk tanker that regularly picks up milk from the dairy farm of Farmer Green could not get in. When the tanker came the next day, the 1,500 liters of milk it was supposed to pick up the previous day was already spoiled, which translated to a big loss for Farmer Green. Noise. Screams from the Haunted House and rides at the park prevent Ms. Bourne, who works night shifts at hospital, from sleeping at home by day. Mr. Goode, who runs a wildlife sanctuary nearby, also says the noise causes distress to his animals. Carelessness in garbage disposal. The daily garbage from the theme park is collected in man-made waste bays placed alongside the road, which often contain more than the amount of garbage that they can hold. Such overloading caused one waste bay to fracture, spilling rotten food that pollutes Farmer Green's land. Errant water from a multi-level log-flume water ride. Water from this facility seeps through a crack and collects behind the wall separating the park from the railway tracks. As the water level increased, the pressure toppled the wall and caused a landslide that busted a sewer pipe owned by the local water company. Principles of Tort The tort law is characterized by a loose set of relatively abstract principles, which allow maximum discretion to be exercised by reference to common-sense values (Hocking & Smith, 1996).4 Thus, the judgment on whether the Ashenhurst Village residents...In criminal law, the state is portrayed as the bigger offended party than the plaintiff such that if a defendant is proven guilty the state metes out the appropriate punishment. It is different in tort cases, in which the plaintiff, whose more popular assignation now is â€Å"claimant,† is the victim of the alleged wrong. There seems no doubt that the management of the Ashenhurst amusement and theme park has a duty of care in seeing to it that its operations do not cause harm to the village residents, some of whom assume a â€Å"sufficient relationship of proximity and neighborhood† with the park. The main offenses for which the park could be held liable are the torts of negligence and nuisance as well as for intentional and statutory torts. The traffic and noise from the rides are forms of nuisance, whereas the water seepage from the water ride and the overflow of garbage from the park amount to acts of negligence. As for intentional tort, the law says the theme park management is liable for this offense if it acted the way it did although it could have reasonably foreseen the harm that it would cause (Barker & Padfield). Based on the Occupier’s Liability Act in UK, the park is also answerable for statutory tort if it never attempted to take health and safety measures to avoid causing harm to its neighbors. However, it has to be proven if the park management breached its duty of care as determined by the accepted tests and principles of tort.

Research project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Research project - Essay Example The report by A.T. Kearney, Inc. (2015) also reveals that the US and China are among such nations that have a significant online market size. It is also notable that the UK, Japan, Germany, and France, are also among such nations, which have considerable online market size. A.T. Kearney, Inc. (2015) in its report also suggests that Hong Kong, and Singapore, is among such nations that have a significant infrastructure, which largely contribute to the growth of e-commerce. The other nations including the US, UK, Japan, South Korea, Germany, France, Belgium, Australia, Canada, Netherlands, also have considerable development in infrastructure, which significantly contribute to the growth of e-commerce. In the report by A.T. Kearney, Inc. (2015), the nations such as Denmark, the UK, Germany, South Korea, Hong Kong, Netherlands, and Sweden are considered to possess potential consumer behaviour, which has led to the growth of e-commerce in retail in such nations. It is also notable that the other nations such as the US, Japan, France, Belgium, Australia, Canada have considerable potentiality in consumer behaviour, which has led to the growth of e-commerce market in such nations. However, the report by A.T. Kearney, Inc. (2015) also suggests that apart from China, and Venezuela, very few nations have considerable growth potential in e-commerce retail industry. The underneath tabular description represents the current scenario of e-commerce retail industry in some of the nations. According to the report by A.T. Kearney, Inc. (2015), majority of the nations do not possess a considerable potentiality in e-commerce retail market. This is largely because of the fact that although the e-commerce retail market is growing positively in the global context, but it is in decreasing rate. It is only notable in China, Venezuela, and few other nations, where retail e-commerce market is growing at an increasing rate. The underneath graphical

World Trade Organization Benefits Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

World Trade Organization Benefits - Assignment Example The past history has seen many wars that erupted due to the hostile feeling for each other that existed between the nations, the element of hostility in the trade and exchange was one of those reasons. After the Second World War, when there was a slight realization of avoiding the atmosphere of trade tension, an international level organization was brought into play which was called General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). W.T.O is a platform that has bridged various nations of the world onto a single platform, it has been in action since 1995, through which they achieve exchange of goods, and material and benefit their own economies as well as the regional economies. It has a pre defined set of rules that are created in the most suitable manner with focus on international peace and trade promotion. The modern world and its citizens have benefited in a considerable amount from this body and it has provided innumerable benefits to the modern industrial era, few of those advantag es and benefits are as follows: Element of peace: The incumbent body in place has made many things possible which would otherwise be not possible. It has given hope for a better world which would be dominated by the peaceful exchange of goods and material, since trade always enables the exchange of good feeling between the two parties, therefore W.T.O in a subsided manner plays the role of peacekeeping and relationship building as well. Trade and exchange opens routes for exploration and harmony. W.T.O while being a very large scale entity has the privilege of bringing about various nations which were long engulfed in chains of hatred and distances. While it was evident in past that many countries could not engage in a bi lateral trade amongst each other due to various reasons, the W.T.O has wiped off that excuse and has engaged many nations in trade relations through means of third party trade and multi lateral exchange on a large scale. The W.T.O provides a platform which in a gen tle manner obliges various nations to start trade which each other regardless of their previous history of disputes and tussles that may have existed in past. History can be dug to find out that many disputes over trade resulted in large scale wars, however on the contrary to that perception; world trade organization provides a platform for resolving all disputed issues pertaining to the trade and exchange. Inclusion of Saudi Arabia: The inclusion of Saudi Arabia is believed to benefit the organization, its partner companies as well as Saudi Arabia itself. For this reason, Saudi Arabia has under gone number of steps that would further ease its process towards the entry into the large international block. Abiding by these laws, it would benefit the Saudi local market and would improve the standard of living and benefit the government, local investors and the citizens. Role of Third party mediator: While some critics may argue that trade and exchange may engulf various nations into di sputes and disagreements, this fear is grounded through the presence of a centralized body in form of W.T.O. It plays the role of mediator and ensures that no party violates the rules or reaches to a level which is unacceptable and beyond the manifesto of the W.T.O accord. W.T.O obliges nations to bring their disputes to the table and strictly prohibits each member from taking any individual action which is against the rules specified. Definition of Rules: An undeniable fact of every business of the world is existence of rules, be it small scale exchange or large scale exchange between two nations or two groups of nations, rules are must for any exchange. The advantage of W.T.O is the fact that it has enabled

Leisure law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Leisure law - Assignment Example It was actually in Donoghue v. Stevenson, in which the concept of duty of care was significantly and formally conceptualized and developed. Hereby the court of law established some concrete tests which ought to be satisfied so as to establish the duty of care. However, it was actually in Caparo Industries v. Dickman that happens to be a prominent British Tort Law case, in which a tripartite test for establishing the duty of care was set up (Cane 1996). Dickman happened to be the auditors of the accounts of the company Fidelity plc, while Caparo Industries happened to be a company that purchased the shares of Fidelity plc. After purchasing the shares of Fidelity plc, Caparo Industries found out that the accounts prepared by Dickman at no time indicated or showed that the firm has been running into large losses. It needs to be mentioned that before Donohue v. Stevenson, the claimants had to verify the existent duty clause to achieve success. In contrast, the subsequent cases tried to o rganize and limit the tests given by Donohue v. Stevenson. Caparo Industries v. Dickman was a step in that direction. The court established that in case of Caparo Industries v. Dickman, for the emergence of care to arise in the cases of negligence, the three essential criteria needed to be verified: There is no denying the fact that human relationships tend to thrive under the aegis of a large and wide range of situations and circumstances. Hence, the very establishment of duty of care in any particular case may give way to many confusions and variations. Traditionally speaking, the law has always tried to verify and establish the duty of care in a range of circumstances, each and every circumstance being incumbent to its own specific characteristics and peculiarities. However, this practice has lead to the creation of a whole body of

Sovereignty as Important Aspect to a Nation States Government Research Paper

Sovereignty as Important Aspect to a Nation States Government - Research Paper Example Some states such as the United States of America are more sovereign than others. According to Borensztein (2004:17), the U.S. has been at the forefront in declaring the significance of arsenal nuclear accumulation. The publicizing of nuclear proliferation by corporate media that is revolving around Iraq and the half of North Korea is a concern to the U.S. According to the U.S officials, this move by such countries that seem suspicious calls international intersection. Therefore, since the U.S is more sovereign than Korea, it deployed about thirty-seven thousand troops and stationed them in Korea. In addition, it deployed a massive number of military forces all over Iraq. When the U.S government orders other countries to cease nuclear proliferation, those countries must lower down their defenses and disarm with immediate effect. However, Iraq did not respond to this call by the U.S forcing the U.S to attack the country. After the war kicked off, Iraq could abide with the United Nation s Security Council Resolutions and call off the war, but insisted on keeping its nukes despite the understanding that only the U.S portrays its nuclear as a necessity to its national security. The legitimate purpose of establishing the United Nations was to ensure peaceful negotiations between quarrelling nations and come to a mutual understanding without necessarily resulting in war. However, the case of the USA and Iraq was different since Iraq did not want to resolute to the UN council. It considered the application of ‘Atoms for Peace’ program factoring itself out as sovereign with sovereignty guaranteed in the UN Charter that declares that a sovereign nation has a right to defend itself in case of an external attack. The application of power to control and curb possible risks by the United States depicts its sovereignty (Wilkins & Stark, 2010:41). Therefore, following this example, it is true to say that some nations are more sovereign compared to others. Some stat es are more sovereign than others are because politicians and globalists strive to acquire power by use of substantial resolutions.